电解电容是电容的一种，介质有电解液涂层，有极性，分正负不可接错。电容由两个金属极，中间夹有绝缘材料（介质）构成。电解电容的绝缘介质是一层薄薄的氧化铝层，加正向电压能维持该介质存在，加反向电压就会“电解”掉这个氧化层使得电容击穿。反接把电解液给电解了，产生了一定的气体，把电解给撑爆了，就是常说的爆炸。

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　　有极电容基本都是电解电容，特点是：体积小，容量大。但是漏电电流也大于普通介质的电容。因为内部构造的关系，其反向漏电电流远远大于正向电流。如果反接，就等于电容是一个用电负载，消耗电流同时会严重发热，电解液因被加热产生压力而将外壳炸裂！简洁地说：就是一个小型化学炸弹！如果将电解电容反向串联，它就会变成无极性的，因为无论电流方向正反，总有一只电容是正向的，会遏制另一只的反向漏电。只不过容量会变小，有公式可以计算的。

　　另外，电容的极板表面积是相同的，即使因为生产工艺导致不同，也不会导致容纳的电量不一样。多出的部分是不可能存储电荷的。